Photographing Glass
Although there are several different ways to create photographs of glass, there are some basic concepts that are important to get good photos. This is not a comprehensive discussion on cameras and digital photography, so you will need some knowledge about cameras and their settings, to understand this tutorial.
Recommended Equipment
-A good digital camera, preferably SLR (Single Lens Reflex, usually has interchangeable lenses), with a memory card and battery.
-A good quality lens, 50mm or greater, or a macro lens if you are going to take extreme closeups.
-A sturdy tripod
-A remote shutter release
-A seamless backdrop
-Lights on stands
-Photo editing software
The Camera
Any good digital camera will work for this. Taking photos of glass with film cameras was notoriously difficult because it is hard to predict exposures and reflections. Digital makes it much easier. Obviously, the higher the quality of the camera the better the images will be, but any camera around 20 megapixels or greater will be adequate.
Lenses
If you have a SLR camera with interchangeable lenses, you want to choose a lens that is 50mm or greater to avoid barrel distortion. A lens less than 50mm is considered “wide angle”, greater than 50mm “telephoto”. If you move back from the subject and use a telephoto, it will increase your depth of field, so more of your piece will be in focus.
Tripod
A sturdy tripod is essential because you want long shutter speeds.
Background
If you want your photos to look professional, you need to have a seamless backdrop. Taking photos of your beautiful artwork on a wrinkled bed sheet never looks good. The best solution is to get a roll of background paper from a photographic supply house(like Adorama or B&H Photo). This comes in several colors, white being the most frequently used, but black or silver can be used also. You will need stands and a crossbar to hold it up, and these are also available from the same suppliers, often with the background paper included. You want to curve the background behind and below the subject so no corner or seam is visible on the image. If your glass objects are small, there are light tents that are essentially 5 sided cubes of a light colored material. You place the object in the tent, and illuminate from outside the tent. This provides a soft, even lighting. In a pinch, you can cut a hole in the bottom of a 5 qt ice cream bucket, invert this over the object, light from outside the bucket, and point the camera through the hole.
Lighting
Although it is possible to use multiple flashes to illuminate your glass, it will take a lot of trial and error to avoid reflections and hot-spots. I find it easier to use inexpensive lights on stands. These can be positioned so that they optimally show off the glass with minimal reflections. Be aware that different light sources shed light of different colors; daylight is blue, incandescent bulbs are yellow, and fluorescent bulbs have a greenish cast. The white balance setting on your camera can adjust for either of these, but it can not adjust for more than one at a time. So, if you are lighting your glass with incandescent bulbs, but have natural light coming in from a nearby window – the camera will have to choose one or the other. This means that part of your photo may have a different color tint than the other. I used to have light stands with floodlight bulbs on the top, and some clip-on lights from the hardware store in the midportion. More recently I have been using rechargable LED lights which have the advantage of no cords and, adjustable light levels, and light colors. I may use two or four of these on stands.
The position of the lights is variable, depending on the kind of glass and the effect you want. I may have all four on, or only two; or two pointed at the ceiling, and two at the glass, etc. Or, I may take one and shine it directly downward onto the glass to show the color transmitted through the glass.
Camera Settings
One approach is to set the camera on auto, take a shot, and see if you like it. But, a more mindful approach is to follow some simple rules:
Set the camera ISO as low as possible, 100 or 200 is best. This makes the photo less grainy, and gives you more leeway for adjustments in your computer.
Set the image quality as high as it will go. RAW images are the best because they give you the most leeway for adjustments later; but if this is not available or you are not comfortable, high quality JPG will work.
Set the white balance for the type of light you are using, e.g. incandescent, fluorescent, flash or daylight.Have the shutter speed slow (like 2 seconds or longer), and the aperture small (the higher the f-stop number, the smaller the aperture, something like f18 or f22 is good). Use the camera’s exposure meter to guide you to the correct combination. Another option is to use your camera on totally manual mode and experiment with the settings.
Set the camera to enable the remote shutter release or set it to go off a few seconds after you press the shutter button to avoid any vibrations.
You may need to enable exposure compensation because the camera may not automatically choose the correct exposure. If you are using a white backdrop, the camera may underexpose the image, and you may need to increase the exposure by an eV or two. The opposite would occur if you used a black backdrop. In the photo at the bottom of this page, I set the exposure compensation +1.00 eV to compensate for the bright white background, and then brightened it even more in Lightroom.
Auto focus may work just fine with your image, but if it doesn’t you may need to switch to manual focus, and focus on exactly the area you want sharpest.
Setting up the photos
Obviously you set up the backdrop and place your object on it. Set the lights up in a way that illuminates the subject and avoids reflections. Keep in mind that the best lighting may be obtained by pointing the lights at the ceiling and letting it bounce downward. Put your camera on a tripod, and frame your shot. Make sure the camera is level. Take a shot and evaluate the exposure. Make adjustment as necessary. Try several different angles, lighting combinations, etc. Rotate the piece. Take close-ups as well. Take a lot of images, because you may find that once you get them into your computer they don’t look the way they did in the viewfinder or LCD. Frame the photo such that you have some room around the piece; if it is too tight, you may not be able to crop it they way you want. I wouldn’t take down your setup until you’ve checked out the photos on your computer screen. You may find that none of them are good enough and you want to take a few more.
Post Processing
You will always need to adjust the photos afterwards. There are a myriad of programs for this. I prefer Adobe Lightroom, Adobe Photoshop, or ACDsee. You may need to crop, sharpen, adjust white balance, adjust exposure, adjust contrast, or remove spots. If you took the images as RAW photos, you will need to export them as JPG’s. The size that you export them to depends on their future use. For the internet, you want 72 dpi; for print 300 dpi. If a museum is going to have your artwork on a banner in front of the building, you want to send the printer the highest resolution you can get!
All three of these programs will let you organize and adjust photos. but there are distinct cost and ease-of-use differences.
Adobe Photoshop is no longer purchased as an off the shelf product, but instead it is sold by subscription to “Adobe Creative Cloud”, so it would be called Photoshop CC.
http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/buying-guide.htmlAdobe is selling a Photoshop Creative Cloud “Photography Plan” at $19.99/month. This includes Photoshop Lightroom. The advantage of this is that as the programs are upgraded you get the upgrades at no additional cost. The disadvantage is that as the months go by it gets expensive. If you stop your subscription, you can no longer use the product at all.
ACDSee Home is a great program for viewing and tagging images. It works well for basic adjustments, but isn’t set up to be as streamlined for editing of massive numbers of photos as Lightroom. I often use both simultaneously, I like AcdSee’s meta-tagging and viewing process, and I’ve been using it since it was called ACDSee 2!You can download a free trial and see if you like it. They also have an ACDSee Pro product. I did not find that it had any additional features that I needed – and upgrades were much more expensive, so I’ve been using the basic ACDSee Home product.
If I was to pick one, I would get Lightroom CC, without question. But, if you are on a tight budget, I’d go with ACDSee Home.
I hope you found this discussion helpful!
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